HVDC cable Polarization PTFE PEA Thin films Rotating machines Accumulation characteristics Polymer Polypropylene Electrical ageing Plasma process Partial discharges Polyimide Space charge Silicon compounds Nanocomposite Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Electrostatics LIMM Charge d'espace Space charges Plasma processes Crosslinked polyethylene DC conductivity KPFM Charge injection Charge trapping Mechanical properties HVDC EFM Breakdown Charge transport model Polyethylene Ac electric field FLIMM C-AFM Electrical insulation Epoxy Dielectric charging Electric field Epoxy resin Charge transport modeling Dielectric properties Power cables Charges injection Dielectric films Dielectric materials Silver nanoparticles Thermal aging Insulating polymers Optimization Luminescence LDPE Current measurement Dielectrics Proteins Interfacial charge Dielectric AgNPs Modeling Conduction current Cross-linking by-products Fluid model Insulation XLPE Aluminum oxide Field distribution Silver Atomic force microscopy BSA Electroluminescence Interfaces Cumyl alcohol Electrodes Conductivity Permittivity Transport Acoustic wave propagation Pulsed electro acoustic method Charge measurement Electric field distribution Gamma irradiation Cross-linked polyethylene Cathodoluminescence Plasma deposition Cable Nanostructured dielectrics SiO2 FTIR Dielectric material Polymers Ageing Radiation effects Bipolar charge transport model Charge transport Polymeric insulation Insulations Electron-beam irradiation Polarity reversal AFM